lab . laboratory
labcrete ,    
label 1.  2. - 3. , , ;  danger ~  []    (.  ) identification ~   [] price ~ 
labor ; ,   <> ~ placing one cu.yd. of concrete    1 .    direct ~ ,     extra ~    manual ~   skilled ~    unit ~ in man-hours  
laboratory ; -  construction products research ~     construction technology ~   ;   control field ~   ;     field ~  ;  ,    frost effect ~   mobile (road) ~       on-job ~  ,    research ~   scientific ~  [-]  testing ~  
laborer  ,    bricklayers ~   builder's ~   
labor-intensive 
lac  ;    
lace ; ;    (.  )
lacing 1.  (.  ,   ) 2.     3.      4.       ( ) 5.   angle ~         
lack ;  ||  ~ of coordination    (.    ) ~ of homogeneity  ~ of parallelism ,  ~ of stability  ;  []  ~ of style  () 
lacker . lacquer
lacquer  asphalt ~   bakelite ~   base ~   bituminous ~   clear ~  
ladder 1.  ,  2.   (   ) 3.     aerial ~    auxiliary ~ of bucket dredger    () cat ~ 1.   2. -    climbing ~s    (    ) digging ~     double-cleat ~    (       ) dredging ~  ,     extension ~  -;   extension trestle ~  (--)       fish ~  []  fixed ~   - ( ,   ..) individual-rung ~       inspection ~     jack ~  platform ~ -    portable ~    rail ~     revolving arch ~ ()   ,      side-rolling ~  [] ,     side-step ~      []  single ~     (  ) special purpose ~      (.      ) standing ~    step ~  through ~       trestle ~    (-)  (   ) trolley ~   []  (   )
lading 1. ,  2. 
ladle ;  plumber's ~    ,   .
lag 1. ; ;  2.   3. ; ;  () 4.   () basic hydrostatic time ~       basin ~    (       ) heat ~    hydrodynamic ~   (  ) thermal ~  ,    time ~ ;  ( ) wooden ~  
lagging 1.    2..    (  ) 3.   4.   (, ) 5.   pipe ~  
lagoon 1.  2.   3.  aerated ~  () ,   anaerobic ~   equalization ~ - leisure ~   ( ) oxidation ~  []  sacrificial ~ -      sewage ~   sludge ~  ,  lagooning     '[] 
laitance  
lake 1.  2.  []   ( ) artificial ~ 
lamella 1.  -  2.  ; 
laminate  [] ;   antidrumming metal-base ~  (,  ) foil-faced ~       glass-fiber ~   , ;   ( ) structural ~   
laminboard   
lamp ; ;  luminescent ~   street ~  
lamppost  ;  
lance: grouting ~        injection ~   (   ) oxygen ~   spray ~ 
lancet      
lancing ;   high-pressure hot water ~  []     
land 1. ;   2. ,  3.  ,  <> ~ acquired for public purposes ,      bottom ~  building ~ ,    cut-over ~   derelict ~ ,   (  ) drained ~   flowage ~ 1.   2.  ,         improved ~   (  ) nonresidential ~    (     ) planted ~  - sacrificial ~ ,            unusable ~  ,    virgin  waste ~ ;  []  white ~    (           )
landfill  sanitary ~  
landing 1.  ;   () 2. ,  3.  ( ) elevator ~    half (-space) ~    ( ) quarter-space) ~    ( ) stair(case) ~   storey ~   
landmark 1.   ( ),   2. ;  [] 
landscape 1. ;  2.  []  (   )
landscaped ;   
landscaping - ,  ;   [] 
landslide  deep-seated ~   wet ~ 
lane 1.  ;   2.  3.   <> ~ one     acceleration ~ -   access ~ ,   added turning ~      (    ) auxiliary ~       (  ,     ) bus ~ ,      car-track ~   ,        center ~    changing ~ ,      (  ) climbing ~      (  ) combined acceleration-deceleration ~ -  () Crawler ~      creeper ~      curb ~     cycle ~   ,     deceleration ~ -   directional ~         diverging ~ -   emergency ~    ( ) first ~     inner ~    (       ) inside (traffic) ~   ;    (       ) left(-hand) ~     left-turn (ing) ~    merging ~ -   middle traffic ~    notional ~      outside traffic ~    parking ~    []  reversible    right(-hand)  ~      right-turn (ing) ~    slow (traffic) ~     speed change ~ -  (  ) traffic ~   truck ~   ()   truck climbing ~      (  ) weaving ~  ,     
lantern 1.  ( ) 2.   
lantern-light    (    )
lanyard   
lap 1. ,  2.   [] 3.  () Dutch ~             end ~   (   )
lapping  ; ;  ( )   ~  of bars    
larder 1.       2.   (    )
large-scale 
larmier 1. ,  2.  
larry - (  )
larrying(-up) .       
lashing 1.  (),  2,  ,  ,  
latch 1. ()  () 2,   ( ) auxiliary dead ~    ball ~   () door ~   knob ~  - () lift ~  roller ~    safety ~  
lateral  () ,    ; ;  pipe ~ ,      ;   45 pipe ~   service ~ 1    2.   
laterite  (   )
latex  acrylic ~  
lath 1.  ,   2. ,  3. ;      <> ~ laid and set   board ~ 1.   [] 2.     clay ~        (  ) diamond-mesh ~    -   eaves ~       expanded (metal) ~  -  ( ,     .) gypsum ~       ;    (  600 )      metal ~      paper-backed ~      perforated ~        plaster ~   [] roofing ~    sawn ~   [] split ~   [] wire ~    wood ~   []
lathing 1.    2.   3.  
latitude 1.  2.  () <> ~ on location of construction joints      (      ) working ~ to contractor   (    ),  
lattice 1.  ( , ,  ) 2.  (,  )
latticework  
launching  (),    (),  () incremental ~        - 
launder   (  )
laundry 
lav(atory) 1. ,  2. 
law ; ; ; , ,  ~ of action and reaction     ~ of areas   ~ of compatibility   ~ of conservation of energy    ~ of dynamics   ~ of elasticity  ,   ~ of equilibrium   ~ of minimum potential energy     ~ of proportionality   ~ of similarity   ~ of statics   ~ of superposition    ;   ~ of virtual displacements  []   ~ f virtual work  []   Abrams' ~   ,   conservation ~ 1.   () 2.     [ ] constitutive ~   Darcy's ~   ,   fan ~    health and safety ~  []    [     ] Hooke's ~   MaxwelPs ~ of reciprocity    parallelogram ~    plasticity ~   proportionality ~   stress-strain ~      superposition ~    ;   virtual displacement ~  []   virtual work ~  []   zoning ~      ( )
lay 1.   2.  () [[ ,  () 3. ;  (. ) 4. ()  (. ) <> to ~ on plaster    Lang ~   ( ),   left-hand ~   ()
lay-by  (1.        2.   ), ;  
laydown   ()
layer 1. ;  2.  (.  ) active ~ (of soil)   () annual thawed ~  []  (    ) base ~   (,  ) bonding ~   (.       ) bottom ~ of the reinforcing steel    ( , ) boundary ~ ()   brickwork ~    cable ~  drain ~  drainage ~  ,   dressing ~   ( ) eluvial ~   ever frozen ~    face ~  []   []  filter ~  ;   humus ~  ;   illuvial ~   impervious asphalt concrete ~    [];  -  neutral ~  ;   organic ~   rich bottom ~      (  ) superficial ~   supporting ~   () suprapermafrost ~    (     ) surface ~   suspended Hoc ~        
laying 1. , ,    (. , ) 2.  ()',  () 3.   ( ) <> ~ off angles with the tape    ; ~ out ; ; ; ~ out a building   brick ~   (),   buried ~   pipe ~  []  track ~   underground ~    
laylight    ;   
layout ; ;  ~ of complicated joint  []    ~ of construction site  diagrammatic ~ of buildings    ,    inner ~   (, ) pivot-point ~    ()  single (-line) piping ~    site ~ 
leach 1.  2.    
leachate ; ,      landfill ~  
leaching (out) 
lead I 1.  2. ;  3. ,  blue ~   (- ) extension ~ ,   [] metal (lie) ~  ()  () red ~   -sheet ~   white ~   (, )
lead II 1.  (   )\  2. ;  3. pi ;   4. pi  ()  5. pi   6.  ();   (),    7.  earthing ~   extension ~ ,   []
leader 1.   2.    3. pi  ()  extension ~s    false ~s  ,   hanging ~s  ,    rain ~ .  
lead-in 1.   2.  
leaf 1,  (),  () 2.  ( ) 3. (  )  (  ) 4. ,  () ~ of a cavity wall   []   acanthus ~   ( ,   ) active ~   (   ) door ~   gold ~  , 
leak  sound ~ s  
leakage ; ;  air ~   ;    artezian water ~    heat ~  []  water ~  
lean-to     
leapfrogging  ,       
leather 
ledge 1.  2.  3.  4.    ( ) 5. 
ledger 1.  ,  ( ) 2. ,  ( ) 3. ,  ( ) 4.   job cost ~      ( )
leeward of the town   
leg 1. ;  2.  (.   moaf,   3.  ( ) 4. ;  () 5.    ~  of tower     air (feed)  ~      caisson type ~   giay ~  ( ),  ( ) interchange ~      intersection ~   ,  lying ~  (  ) pneumatic (feed)     slant ~  ,  () sloping ~s    (),    (, ) truss-type ~     wire rope sling ~s    
legation   
lemniscate  ( )
length 1.  2.  3.   ( ) ~ of bolt   (        ) . ~ of curve   ( ) ~ of haul   [] ~ of hydraulic jump     ~ of lay   () airline trip ~  ,  '   ( ) anchorage ~    () balanced field ~     basic runway ~  -     bearing ~  ,    (. ) black ~    bond ~    () boom ~   (, ) buckling ~   (   ) column effective ~    development ~     (   );    () differential ~  ,   effective ~   ( ) elementary ~   embedment ~    equivalent ~  []  (  ,               ) equivalent embedment ~   ,    (   ) field ~ ()    (       ) fit-on ~  (   )   gauge ~   ,    ( ) grip ~ 1.     ;    2.    () jib  ~    (, ) lap ~   mill ~ . standard mill length mixing ~    [] (.      ) optical path ~    original ~ of the member    () panel ~  ,(') runway  ~    soaking ~  []      (   ) span ~  ;   () standard mill ~   (  . .),   take-off runway ~       taper ~      (    ) transfer ~     (   ) transition ~    transmission ~     (   ) unbraced ~  ,      unsupported ~   wave ~   weaving ~    ( ) 
lengthening 1.  2. ,  ~ of structural timber     total ~ of the member  []    
length man ,   
lens ; ; ;  ice ~  
letting of a contract  [] 
levee  ;  [] ; ;    earth ~  ,   
level 1.  (1. . 2.  3. ) 2.  <> at ground ~    ~ of bridge maintenance     ~ of compaction  []  ( , ,    .) ~ of congestion     ~ of control    (  ,     .) ~ of foundation     ~ of motorization   [] ~ of organization of work    ~ of, service   (    ),     ~ of skill   () ~ of zero annual amplitude     Abney ~ ,   (     ) altitude ~    automatic ~ - banked-up water ~  ,  base ~   builders ~  ,  capacity ~   ,  carpenter's  ~   ,  chambered ~    () comfort ~   ( ) convenience ~   ( ) crest ~   (. ) crown ~   datum ~    (  ) dead-storage  ~    ,  design crest ~     (  -) design flood ~   ,  design water ~     ( ) downstream ~   ,  drawdown ~    dumpy ~     ,   engineer's ~  equivalent water ~s    finished floor ~  []   formation ~ 1.   (    ) 2.  []   ounding ~  []   free water ~     freezing ~    ( ) fyill supply ~ 1.   ,  2.      ground-water ~  ()   hand ~   hanging ~   highest tailwater ~     highest water storage ~   ,  high-water ~    invert ~     laser ~   liquid ~   locator's hand ~  Locke hand ~  loudness ~   (, ) lowest operating water ~   ,    maintenance ~    mason's ~   natural water ~   noise ~   normal water ~   ,  piezometric ~   pumping ~     ( , ) quality ~   reduced ~  ;   rod ~   ()  safe-health ~    self-leveling ~    sound ~   [] sound power ~   []  spherical ~   spirit ~  ,  standing-water ~  []   stress ~   surcharged reservoir ~   ,  tailwater ~   ,  threshold ~   () top ~  []   [] (.   ) top water ~   , ;     upstream ~   ,  workability ~   [] ( ) wye ~     Y ~     yield stress ~ 1.    2.  ,    0,5%
levelcrete   (   )
leveling 1.  2.  ( )   <> ~ the model  ; ~ with aneroid barometer   barometric ~   direct ~   direct differential ~   first-order ~ \   fly ~    (  ) indirect ~  ( ) ordinary ~   plane-table ~   (  ) profile ~   reciprocal ~   stadia ~   three-wire ~      trigonometric '  
levelman  
levelness  (, ) slab- ~   ( , ,  ) 
lever 1.  2. ,  adjusting ~   bent ~   control hand ~   
lewis    (     ) 
liability 1.  2.  <> ~ for construction failures     construction repair ~   ()    contractual ~     products ~     ,     . 
liberation of heat during hydration    
library  (, ) 
lid 
lido    
life ;  ; ;  ~ of reservoir     ~ of the structure   [] application ~  battery ~    design ~  []  ,   () expected (service) ~  []    () fatigue ~   ( ,     ) filter ~    operational ~   ;  pot ~   (  . .) service  ~    shelf ~   working ~ ,   (   .); ,   (, )
lifeline   (.   )
lifetime  (.  )  (. )
lift 1. . ,  2. ;   3.   4.  ,   ,    5. ,  () 6. pi    7.  (),   () 8.  (, ) 9.  ;   attended ~    ballast ~  ()  boom ~   (, ) canal ~  chair ~   (, , ) concreting ~     (  ) fire ~   (     ) fish ~  fork ~   goods ~   home ~     hydraulic ~  []  passenger ~   pour(ing) ~     pump ~    ram ~   self-service ~    shallow ~   (  ,    .) suction ~   telescopic shaft ~    thermal ~       ;   topping ~  ;   traction ~     truck ~  vacuum gauge suction ~     valve ~   
lifter ;  ; ;   basket core ~     ~  Multiple rail ~    panel track ~      i1 ~  
lifting 1.  2.  ( ) <> ~ into position       (.  ) principal load ~   rock ~   tandem ~     ( ) 
lift-slab (-plus-walls)   
light 1.  2. ,  3.   4. ,   (), ; ;   alarm ~   ,   approach ~   ( ) area ~   barrel ~    ( ) barricade ~    borrow (ed) ~     ceiling ~   dome ~     emergency ~   fixed ~   garden ~     high-mast ~   hopper ~      indicating ~  []  lantern ~    natural ~   north ~ ;   obstruction ~   (  ) opening ~ ()  ; ;    pilot ~ 1.   2,  ,   roof ~   ;   runway center line ~s    runway edge ~s    runway end identifier ~ s    street ~   taxiway center line ~s      taxiway edge ~s   transom ~     ;    Venetian ~   (    ,     ) warning ~   
lightfastness 
lighthouse () 
lighting ;   ~ of building sites    artificial ~   borrowed ~           cove ~    ( ,    ) diffused ~   emergency ~   general ~   highway ~    indoor [interior] ~   local ~   natural ~   outdoor [outside] ~   overhead ~   partial ~    (   ) street  ~    whiteway ~    ()
lightning-conductor 
lightning-rod   
lightproofness 
limb  horizontal ~  
lime  air-setting ~   anhydrous ~  , (-) autoclaved ~    builders ~   burnt and ground ~   ;  - dry hydrated ~ -,  []  fat ~ 1.   2.    high-calcium ~   hydrated ~ 1.  []  2. - hydraulic ~   lean ~   meager ~   nonhydraulic ~   nonslaked ~  , (-) quick-hardening ~    rich ~   slaked ~  [] ;   water ~  
lime-sandstone  
limestone  argillaceous ~   magnesian ~   shelly ~ - siliceous ~  
limewash  
limewater  
liming 1.   2.   3.  
limit ,  ||  <> beyond the proportional ~     ; setting design ~s  []  ; to ~ access (by employees)   (); to stipulate ~s of stress   ; within the elastic ~    ~s of acceptability  ()  [] (, ) ~s of accuracy in building work      ,  ,   ~ of backwater   ~ of proportionality   ~ of structural usefulness        ~ of the ultimate strength  ,   acceptable tolerance ~s   ;    Atterberg ~   () consistency ~s   (, ) contract ~       ( ) creep ~   deflection ~s   ;   design ~s   elastic ~   endurance ~  ,   explosive ~s   [ ] ( ,  ) failure ~  ,   fatigue ~  ,   flammable ~s   harshness ~   ( ) harshness ~ of sand content     (   ) Johnson's proportional ~     (       50%) liquid ~   () lower ~ for load-carrying capacity     lower explosive ~    [ ] lower flammable ~    permissible contaminant ~      [] plastic ~   proportional ~   proportional elastic ~   (shrinkage ~   (strength ~   stress ~   tolerance ~s  ,   ( ) upper ~ for load-carrying capacity     upper flammable ~    ubration ~     [ ]   working load ~ 1.    2.   (  . .)
limitation ;  design ~s  ; ,        geometric ~s  ,   shipping ~s   (  )
limiter  boom lift ~    flow ~   overload ~   power ~   return temperature ~     safe-load ~   speed ~   torque ~   
limit-stop -
limpet    
line 1. ,  2. , ,  3. ; ;  4. ,  5.   ;  ;   <> to ~ by eye    ~ of action (of the force)   () ~ of corresponding stages      ~ of creep   (   ) ~ of force    ~ of least pressure    ~ of least resistance    ~ of principal strain  []      ~ of route  (  ) ~ of rupture   ~ of seepage   ( ) ~ of sight   ~ of thrust   ~ of traffic   ;   ~ of wells     ;   ~ of zero fill      ~ 1.     2. ,            aerial ~   (,    . .) air ~ ,    air void ~     arch center ~   ashlar ~     assembly ~  ,    ~       (    50%) backhaul ~    () barrier ~    base ~ 1. ,   2.  () beam center ~    belt ~  []   bleed ~s ,       (   ) border ~ , ()  ;   boundary ~   branch ~   bridge center ~   brine ~   broad-gauge ~    building ~  ;   () building setback ~   () bulkhead ~ ,         buried ~    [ ] bypass ~   ()  ~       (   30%) cable ~   center ~ ,   center ~ of inertia   center ~ of the hook     () chalk ~ 1.  ; ,   [ ] 2.   channel ~  ;  () closing ~   ( ) collimation ~  ;   communication ~   compressed air ~     condensate ~  connecting ~    connecting drainage ~    consumer gas service  ~     contour ~  conveyor belt ~   ()    cordon ~  [] ,       crest ~  critical state ~     curved ~   datum ~   dead ~ 1.    2.     deflection-influence ~   digging ~   (.   (  ) discharge ~ 1.     2.    discharge section ~   distribution ~   j dot ~   dot and dash ~ -  dotted ~   double ~    double-rodded ~ ,      drilling ~   duplicate level ~    edge ~   (  ) electric ~   ,   electrified railway ~    encroachment ~   energy (grade) ~  ,   envelope ~  () equipotential ~s  ;       expansion ~    exposing ~ ,     fathom ~  fence ~   fire ~ 1.   [] 2.   3.     flood ~   flow ~ 1.   2.  ,   formation ~   () [ frontage ~  ;   () urost ~   []   |uture ~   ( ,   ..) as ~  Buge ~   Eodesic [geodetic] ~  [ rade ~   (  ) gravity pipe ~   grooved ~s  ground ~   ",  ;     guide ~   hair ~   half ~  heating ~  high-pressure ~    high-speed ~   high-tension [high-voltage] ~  ()   hoisting ~ ()   horizon ~   hot gas ~      hydraulic grade ~ 1.  ,    2.     improvement ~  ,     influence ~   influence ~ for bending moment     influence ~ for reaction     influence ~ for shear     isopiestic ~s ;   (     ) isoseismal ~     [ ],  ,  lift ~ 1.    2.        (   ) light ~   liquid ~  ,    load distribution ~   location ~  lot ~    Luders' ~  ,  ,   machine's center ~    main ~ 1.   (,   . .) 2.  []  mason's ~    moment-influence ~    neat ~ 1.    2.  ,   3.       outside foundation ~    [ ] overhead ~    overhead contact ~      overhead electric [overhead power] ~    painting ~  pay ~    phreatic ~ 1.   2.   ( ) pressure ~ 1.   2.   project property ~     pumped water ~   random ~        reaction-influence ~     reference ~   ;  ;   return ~ 1.  ,   2.  ,   run ~  runner ~   ( ),     sand ~s      () saturation ~ 1.   (      ),   ( ) 2.   (   ) secant ~  secondary ~     section ~  shear-influence ~     short ~    sighting ~   simultaneous level ~    slip ~  ,  ,   slope ~   sloping straight ~    snapping ~   (   ) snow ~   span pipe ~   springing ~ ,  ,   (, ),    ;        straight ~  () strain ~   stream ~   strike ~   ( ) suction ~  ,   supply ~   tag ~  []  tangent ~  () thaw ~   three part ~   traffic ~ ()    transit ~  ;   transmission ~   trunk ~   (,   ..) two-part ~   underground electric ~    utility ~   (, ) vertical ~   wall ~       ( ) f water ~ 1. ;  2.   I water level ~    whip ~    () white ~       working ~ 1.  []  2.   (  ) yield ~  ;   zero ~  ,   zero air voids ~            [] 
linear 
linearity ;  ,    
linearization  
linearly elastic - 
linearly plastic - 
liner 1. ; ;  2. ;  ; ; ;  () 3.  ; ;  4.   5.   () board-textured form ~s  ,    (  ) cast iron ~   custom form ~s  ,     fabricated steel ~   flue ~   [] ;    form ~s  ,    ( -  ),   (  ) precast concrete ~   ( ) textured form ~     []  
ling 1. () ; ; ;  2.  ( ) 3.  (, ),  acoustic(al) ~   ard ~  ;    breast ~        canal ~  []  cast-iron segmental ~     door ~   double ~     ( ,  ) extruded concrete ~    flexible tunnel ~    flue ~   form ~s  ,    (   ) primary ~  ;   rigid tunnel ~    secondary ~   shotcrete ~ -  [] silicon rubber mould ~s  ( )    sound-absorbing  ~    steel plate ~   [] ,     string ~    track ~  ( ) tunnel ~  []  
linisher   
link 1.  () 2.  ; ;   3.  ;  4. ,  coupling ~ 1.   2.  ;   end ~   () fusible ~    inclined ~s    master ~   (     ) mechanical coupling ~   (,   . .) vertical ~s    (  )
linkage ; ; ;   control ~    damper ~ 1.       2. -    
lino(leum)  PVC ~  
linoxyn ,    ( )
lint  [] , 
lintel  (    ) back ~   (        ) door ~   loose ~  ,     steel angle ~     through ~      window ~  
lip 1. ; ; ; , ; ;  2., () 3.    
liquefaction ,  spontaneous ~   ( )
liquid  bronzing ~     ,     flammable ~   scrubbing ~   ( ) thermal ~   washing up ~    (  . .)
liquor ;  ( ) decant ~    sludge ~   supernatant ~  
list 1. ; ; ; ; ; ;  2,  bar ~   cutting ~ 1.   []  2.     inspection ~    (    )
listing of building components    []
litharge  ;   ()
lithopone  ()
litmus 
liver: bull's ~ . 
livering  (, )   
load 1. ;  || ,  2.  ( ) <> ~s anticipated to be applied  ; ~ applied in increments ,    []; ~s applied to the formwork ,   ; ~ due to wind pressure    ; ~s equidistant from midspan  ,     (), ~ from crowd   ; ~s in excess of the concrete capacity ,    ; keep clear of the ~ !    !; ~ normal to the surface ,   ; ~s on bridge   ; ~ on foundation   ; ~ on the member ,    ; ~ per unit length    ; under ~  ;    ~ of stream   ~ of uncertain magnitude ,    ;     abnormal ~  ;  ,   ;   accepted ~  []  accidental ~   adjustable ~   air conditioning ~     allowable ~   ( ) allowable axial ~    allowable pile-bearing ~    ,    alternating ~   antisymmetric ~   applied ~   arbitrary ~   area ~  ( )  assumed ~  ( )  asymmetrically-placed ~s  []  avalanche ~    average ~   axial ~  []  axial compression ~    axially symmetric ~   axial tension ~    axisymmetrical ~   axle ~   () balanced ~ 1.   2.  ,           ( ) basic ~   bearing ~ () ,   bed ~  ;    bending ~  ; ,   biaxial ~   blast ~    [  ] breaking ~   [],  ;   bucket ~    buckling ~   ( ) central point ~  ,      (. ) changing ~   characteristic ~   characteristic dead ~    characteristic live ~    climatic ~   collapse ~   collision ~      combined ~  []  combined axial and bending ~s  []     combined torsion-shear-flexure ~s  ,  ,    compression [compressive] ~   concentrated ~   connected ~   construction ~s  ;       continuous ~   cooling ~   crippling ~   (     ) critical ~   critical buckling ~  ,    (  ) dead ~  ;      (      ) derailment ~ ,      design ~  ;   design snow ~    design ultimate ~   []  distributed ~   dummy ~   dummy unit ~    dust ~  ;   dynamic ~   earthquake ~   eccentric ~   eccentric and inclined ~    equivalent ~   erection ~  ;   Euler ~   excess ~  ;  explosion ~  ,    [ ] factored ~   []  failure ~   fictitious (design) ~  ()  fire ~   fluctuating ~   fracture ~   frictional ~     front axle ~     gravity ~      gross cooling ~  -  (     ) ground snow ~    ( 1    ) gust ~   (  ) heat ~   heating ~ 1.   2.   highway ~s      highway bridge ~s      horizontal ~   humidification ~  (  )    hydrostatic ~   ice ~  ;   ( ) imaginary ~   immission ~   (     ) impact ~  ;   imposed ~  ;   ( ,    ) impulsive ~  ;   inertial ~s   intended ~  []  joint ~   latent heat ~     lateral ~  ;   lateral soil ~      limit ~   linear ~ 1.   2.  [ ]  linearly distributed [linearly varying] ~    live ~   local ~   long duration ~   longitudinal ~   maximum ~ of pollution     maximum rated ~    maximum safe ~    maximum safe working ~   (. ),    (. , ) maximum safe working ~ at the various radii       () minimum design dead ~s      minimum design live ~s      mobile ~   moving ~   moving uniform ~     near-ultimate ~ ,    nominal uniformly distributed ~     nominal vertical wind ~     nonaxial ~   nonuniform ~   nonuniformly distributed ~s    nuisance ~   ;   occupancy [occupant] ~ 1.     2.      (, ),        (   ) off-center ~   off-peak ~   one-sided ~   on-peak ~   (  ) operating ~  []  panel ~   ( ) part ~  []  pattern ~     ( ) peak ~  ;  []   permanent ~  ;   permissible ~   point ~   pollution ~     ( ) ponding ~   ;     primary live ~       proof ~ 1.  []  2.   ;      3.    pulsating ~   radial ~   railway ~      rain ~    [] rarely occurring ~   ;   rated ~   (  .) real ~  []  recommended ~   refrigerating [refrigeration] ~  ;   ,     repeated ~  []  required design ~    residual ~     roof ~s    ,     ,    [] rupture ~   safe leg ~  []      safe working ~ 1.   () 2.   (  ),    , ) seismic ~   sensible heat ~     service ~ 1.   2.            service dead ~    service live ~    sewage ~ on treatment plant     (         13   2  ) sewage ~ on water body      [] (      ) shearing ~  [ ]  shock ~   short duration [short term] ~   single ~   sinusoidal ~s  ;  ,     snow ~   snow ~ on a horizontal surface      space ~   specified characteristic ~   static ~   static imposed ~   structural design ~  ; ,      ' sudden [suddenly applied] ~   []  superimposed ~   ( ,    ) superimposed dead ~          () suspended ~ 1.     2.   sustained ~  []  symmetrical ~   tensile ~   test ~  []  tipping ~   torsional ~ ,  ;   traffic ~     transmission heat ~  ,     transverse ~   treating ~     trial ~  []  triaxial ~   twisting ~ ,  ;   ultimate ~  ;   unbalanced ~   uniaxial ~s   uniform ~  ;    uniform ~ on a beam overhang        uniform ~ over (a) part of the span       uniform ~ over the full length of a beam with overhangs         uniform ~ over the full length of a cantilever        uniform ~ over the full span       uniformly distributed ~    unit ~   unit generalized ~    unsymmetrical ~  ; ,       useful cooling ~  -  (    ) variable [varying] ~  ( )  vehicle ~    ;    vehicular live ~s      ventilation heat ~    (      ) vertical ~   wash ~   wave ~   wheel ~   wind ~   wind ~ on a truss  ,    working ~ 1.  ;  ;   2.  
loaded: axially ~   () ,   
loader 1. ,   2.  ;  articulated wheel.~ - ()   bucket ~ 1.   (      ) 2. -  3. -  chain bucket ~  []  front-end ~    mobile belt ~   ()  [] overshot  ~     paddle ~      rock ~    (   ) shovel ~   side-discharge shovel ~      tower ~       [] tractor ~  []   truck ~    wheel (ed) ~   
loader-backhoe        
loading 1.  2. ;  <> ~ not due to wind ,    [  ]; ~ on a beam 1.   2. ,   ; ~ on structural elements 1.    2. ,     abnormal ~  ,  abnormal vehicle unit ~ .          accidental ~ 1.   2.   actual ~ 1.   2.   additional ~ 1.   2.   alternate  ~     area ~   (  ) axial ~   axially symmetric [axisymmetric(al)l ~ 1.   2.   basic ~ 1.   2.   biofilter ~   BOD ~    (  ) bulk ~   [ ]  (   ) combined bending and axial ~      ;   complementary ~ 1.   2.   cyclic  ~    debris ~        design ~   dynamic ~  ;   ;   eccentric ~ 1.   2.   equivalent single-axle ~     floor ~    halfspan ~  ()        ~ . abnormal vehicle loading HS 20-44 lane ~ .          HS 20-44 initial ~   knife-edge ~ -   (  ) long-duration ~   maximum bridge ~  -    nominal rail uniform ~ .        organic ~     (  ) partial ~   pedestrian ~    prior ~   reduced ~   repetitive ~  ;   ribbon ~     (. ) roof ~    / simultaneous ~   (  ) single ~  ;     standard truck ~    (  ) static ~   surface ~   ( , ) sustained ~  []  tandem axle alternate ~      (  ) third-point ~  (, )    type RL ~     type RU ~ . nominal rail uniform loading ultimate ~  ,   wind ~   wind ~ on building  ,     
load-line of crane    
loam  sandy ~  silt ~   
lobby 1. , , ; ; ;  2.  (),  3.     elevator ~   entrance ~ , ,  fire ~   () hotel ~   lift ~   
lobe  , ;  solifluction ~   
locality  , ; ; ; ;   
localization     
localizer  
location 1. ()  2. ,  3.  ~ of reinforcement   (  ) ~ of the grade line    () construction joint ~  []   (   ) dam ~   joint ~   paper ~      permanent ~ in the structure   (   m.M./  proper ~   rebar ~    ( )
lock 1.  2.  3.   4.  Acme ~    air ~ 1.   (. ) 2.  ,   [] 3.   ( ) axle ~  []  ( ) ball ~   basin ~     bit-key ~   bored ~   (   ) button ~  ,   canal ~    check ~    childproof ~ ,     continuous snap ~       cylinder ~   digging ~s     (, ) double ~  ,   electric ~   entrance ~   (-) fish ~   glass door ~     guard ~   () instant ~   (  ) keyless ~    (.   ) man ~   (  ) materials ~   () medical ~     mortise ~   muck ~     () navigation ~   Pittsburg ~    pocket ~    ( )   rim ~   sea ~   seam ~   ( ) shaft ~   slewing ~  ,      snap ~    ,   street-door's ~    swing ~ . slewing lock thrift ~     tide ~   turn button ~ ,   - vapor ~   ( ) wedge ~  ,    wing-key ~   Yale ~  
lockage 1.  2.    3.  
locking 1. ; ; ;  2.  <> ~ in     ; ~ out      ~ of joints  []  (),     () 
locknut  
lockset  ,   (   ) 
loco  battery ~   
locomotive  
locus   ; , ,  ~ of equation   ,  ()  
loess 
loft    (    . .) 
log 1.   2.  3.   ;   4.   ( ) 5. ;  6.  acoustical ~ ()  acoustic-velocity ~   anchor ~  , ;   barked ~   borehole [boring] ~ 1.   2.   ( ) character ~   (   ) chlorine ~    contact ~   ( ) density ~   detail ~    driller's ~   electrical ~   fracture ~   (  ) gamma-ray ~ - half-round ~  ,  induction ~   neutron ~   neutron-natural gamma ~  - post-tensioning ~          radioactive-tracer ~   (   ) resistivity ~  sample ~    (  ),  sonic ~   
logger 1. ,   2.  3.  mobile density ~    pavement ~    road ~    
loggia 1.  2.  3.     
logging 1.  2. ;   3. ,  acoustic well ~   continuous piezometric ~     ( ) data ~   amma-ray ~ - water ~  
log-way ,  
longevity of concrete  
long-range 1.  []   2.  
longscrew   ,  
long-term  (.  ),  (.  ) 
longways  ,    ( ) 
longwood  ,  
loop 1.  2. ; ; ;   expansion ~ 1.   2.    flexible lifting ~    (  ) lifting ~   testing ~   ()
loose 1.  []  2. , ;  
looseness 1. ,  2.   
loosening , ; ;  filter ~   frozen soil ~   
lopping  (),  (, ) peak ~   
lorry    (.  truck); ;  agitating ~     mixer ~  rotary-drum ~     tipping ~ -
loss 1.  2. ;  3. ,  <> ~ due to creep  ()  ; ~ in prestress    ~ of bond stress      ~ of gloss   ( ) ~ of head   ~ of prestress (ing)    ~ of prestress due to friction      ~ of prestress due to shrinkage of concrete      ~ of prestress due to steam curing     (  ) ~ of prestress during anchoring  .    ~ of stability   ~ of stress   ~ of sustaining capacity    ~ of water by evaporation     ~ of workability   ( ) abrasion ~    absorption ~      air pressure ~es  - (  ) anchorage ~       branch ~     (). cable ~es   ,         chimney ~  (, )    conduction ~       design heat ~   drift ~   (       ).    dynamic ~  ,      elastic ~es      [ ]  energy ~es due to friction     [ ] entrance [entry] ~       (.    ) evaporation ~  ()   exit ~       external heat ~      fabric ~          flue ~  ,     friction ~    [ ] gross heat ~    (   ) head ~   head ~ across filter     head ~ due to friction     heat ~  ignition ~ 1.    2.  ( ) impact ~   (, )      infiltration heat ~   insertion ~  ;     (    ) leakage ~    ;   ;  (      ) local ~   (, ),     lockage ~  ()   pipe [piping] ~  (; )   seepage ~   ;    sequence-stressing ~          shock ~  ;  ;         shrinkage ~ of prestress      strength ~   [ ] stress ~  ()  structural heat ~      total ~ of prestress  []   transmission ~ 1.      ,   2.  ,    transmission heat ~      ,   ventilation heat ~   wall ~es     water ~   
lot 1.   2.  (, ) concrete parking ~      
loudness  
lounge   (   ..)  ( ) departure ~   () sun ~ .  
louver  , ;    operable ~  ()   
lowboy     
lowering , ;  groundwater ~   test ~   
lowerworks     
lowland  
luboil  ,  
lubricant ,   consistent ~  []  dowel ~     ( ) fluid ~   
lubrication  () automatic ~   central ~   pressure ~    
lubricator ; ; ;  automatic ~    pressure ~ - rail ~   
lucarne    
luffing   [  ]  (,   ..) level ~          
luft-suspended    
lug ; ; ; , , ,  cable ~   fixing ~ cast into slab    (, )    ( ) 
lumber  air-dried ~ -   and better ~   clean [clear] ~   ,   dimension ~    [] dressed and matched ~    dried ~   fall-down ~   green ~  []  kiln-dried ~    ( ) knotty ~   matched ~   nominal size ~    [ ] planed ~   rough ~   seasoned ~  []  solid-sawn ~    standard-size ~    [ ] structural ~   yard ~  
lumbering ; 
luminaire 1.  2. - ,   diffuse light ~    direct-light ~    explosion-proof ~  []  moisture-proof ~   reflected-light ~   
lump ; ; 
lumping     
lurching       
lute 1.      (   ) 2.   3.      , , 
lux ,  (   )
lytag      